Media and propaganda

The strike at California State University, related with supposedly low pay rates of the staff has been secured by various mass correspondence media. The current paper is expected to look at the messages from various sources, investigate and discover journalistic spins and the components of publicity. As the primer outcomes propose, most articles are one-sided, and one of them earnestly encourages Americans to help the action.The first article in the degree, composed by C.Arjentera and distributed in the Monterey County Star places accents and accentuations in a significant abnormal manner. For example, the article above all else depicts the strike: â€Å"The association has reported that a strike, which would be the first for our framework, would be a progression of two-day moving activities that would move from grounds to grounds at some point in April or May. In the long run influencing every one of the 23 †including CSU-Monterey Bay† (Arjentera, 2007, p. 5).Furthermore , the creator gives the analysis and cases of the disappointed employee who expresses that association is probably going to decay after the presentation of the convention of occupation activities. The paper likewise incorporates the nearby authorities, however introducing their perspectives, the article verifiably asserts that the organization is only worried about the disintegration of training quality in the college, which may show up during the strike.The genuine reason for the strike is introduced distinctly toward the finish of the article: â€Å"Faculty and heads concur CSU educators are paid less that peers at practically identical foundations in other states† (Arjentera, 2007, p. 5). As one can comprehend, the writer appears to have remembered the highlights of human discernment (the main passage is destined to be retained) and purposely positioned the negative messages concerning the strike and the apparent poor demonstrable skill toward the start, while the particip ants’ issue are referenced quickly in the finishing up chapter.On the opposite, the article at NBC.com is significantly more nonpartisan and contains neither positive not negative publicity. Its structure can be laid out in the accompanying manner: 1) a brief, yet thorough thought regarding the strike; 2) the genuine degree of the issue (figures); 3) citations of workforce members’ articulations; 4) administration’s see on the issue and the announcement of the requirement for bargain. The article appears to cover changed perspectives hands on activity â€from decidedly energetic to very mindful, in particular, there are genuine individuals, who remain past these messages: â€Å"We don’t comprehend why they believe they can’t make a sensible proposal to us†. †Canton says†; â€Å"Well shouldn't something be said about understudies? How would we make them competitive?How do we ensure the personnel (is) serious? It’s not jus t about administrators†, said San Francisco Sen.Leland Yee† (http://www.nbc11.com/news, 2007). This implies, the authorities are truly mindful of the various sides of the circumstance and focus not simply to the strikers’ showed needs, protected through a level of weight, yet in addition at the conceivable positive results, instead of advancing the cases like ‘If we don’t arrive at accord, the nature of instruction will fall’, suggested in the past paper.The official CSU site portrays the occasion not just as a PR-activity, however as a grandiose occasion: â€Å"John Travis, the leader of the California Faculty Association, called it â€Å"a really memorable day† (Gavios, 2007). As one can comprehend, because of the way that the site page has a place with the college, it should feature the emotional significance of the activity for the staff, as opposed to in more extensive social setting. Therefore, the article depicts the degree of th e strike and its highlights †for example, the writer noticed that the activity is certainly not a conventional strike, as it doesn’t encroach upon the students’ premiums and suggests basically no withdrawal from work, only walkouts and picketing.The understood message in this center is reasonable: the writer attempts to show how the strikers care about their students and how effectively they join their work with the dissent. Moreover, the paper contains no assessments of state authorities and organization, narrowing the concentration to not many endorsers and the chance of the presentation of extra endeavors, if the strike at this stage is vain. Despite the fact that this article contains certain inclinations like moving accents, it can't be delegated publicity, as it basically looks like a position articulation and the degree of help the strikers have received.The last paper I might want to break down is the article by Leland Yee, which contains the components of express purposeful publicity and is acted in amazingly passionate tone, which deduce the senator’s  deep compassion toward the came up short on workers: â€Å"It is no big surprise the personnel at our state colleges are casting a ballot in overpowering numbers to take to the streets. I, in the same way as other different administrators, understudies and citizens, share the faculty’s frustration† (Yee, 2007).The authority totally agrees to the participants’ requests, also â€restates them various occasions and contends that even the help from advanced education arrange, which has multiplied the teachers’ compensations over the two a years ago, all things considered doesn’t fill the pay hole, when contrasting educators from CSU and different colleges. The essential message the article underlies is: ‘Well-instructed and proficient staff ought not be segregated and ruined with low salaries’. The writer at long last urges his c rowd to join the strike: â€Å"Please go along with us in bringing genuinely necessary straightforwardness, responsibility and community to our organizations of advanced education by supporting SB 190† (Yee, 2007)As one can comprehend from this investigation, just one article contains no predispositions, which is the paper on NBC.com, whose writer appears to be fair, steady and legitimate, as the article is organized sufficiently: the primary passage addresses every single essential inquiry like â€Å"When?†, â€Å"Why?’, â€Å"Where?†, â€Å"Who else is involved?† (though Arjentera’s and Yee’s papers discard a portion of these inquiries in the principal section) ; what's more, the paper contains the parts of conclusions and standpoints,â which are diverse in nature and tone. Arjentera’s article contains a lot of words like â€Å"reject† or â€Å"refuse† just as negative articulations, highlighting the lacks as opposed to objectives and the potential strides towards compromise.Moreover, it is written in very skeptical soul: â€Å"Union pioneers debate that most educators would really get that much and differ over a legitimacy pay proposal† (the closing section) (Arjentera, 2007, p.5). Subsequently, the creator suggests that the activity is to sure degree trivial. Yee’s and Gavious’s papers are unequivocally hopeful, and both appear to take the strikers’ side.Although the last paper is arranged on CSU site, it doesn’t contain any extreme positions, however it tends to be pronounced as one-sided in any case, as the creator doesn’t remember the genuine effect of the strike for understudies and California state financial plan, yet he noticed that the instructors won't miss numerous exercises. Yee’s paper contains express purposeful publicity and the advancements of the strikers’ interests. Because of the way that the creator is the compe lling political figure, his solicitation to help the members is amazingly solid as far as its control over open consciousness.In end, I might want to post my proposals for residents, who wish to study the occasions. NBC.com has showed up the most dependable and trustworthy source, however I wouldn’t like to publicize or advance it †truth be told, to dispatch basic reasoning, it is sufficient to peruse or tune in to the report from three-four distinct sources and think cautiously not just on the strike itself, yet in addition consider its monetary side and results for the state spending plan just as the conceivable improvement of training quality at the university.Reference listArjentera, C. (22 March 2007). CSU staff approve a strike. Educators despite everything haggling with school framework. Monterey County Herald, p.5.NBC news. (21 March 2007). Votes Are In; CSU Strike Looms. Accessible online at: http://www.nbcbayarea.com/news/Gavios, J. (22 March 2007). Workforce U nion for California State U. Approves ‘Rolling Walkouts’ if Contract Negotiations Fall. Accounts of Higher Education. Accessible online at: https://www2.calstate.edu/mediacenter/

The Wine of Astonishment Essay Example For Students

The Wine of Astonishment Essay In Earl Lovelaces booktwo primary characters emerge Bee and Bolo. Bolos character is a warrior and he guides the individuals to the way of strengthening by method of the warrior for that is the thing that he knows and what his identity is. Honey bees character is a man of confidence, persistence, and a man of his kin. Honey bee likewise picks a way of strengthening for the individuals of the town that is characterized by his character, he manages the individuals to the way of confidence. The excursion in the book has the two men put their characters and ways of strengthening under a magnifying glass. Who succeeds? Tolerance, a man of confidence, and a man of the individuals are the means by which I portray Bees charcter in this book. Honey bee exhibits his understanding when it is tried against Corporal Price. Ruler goes to the town to uphold the law against the Spiritual Baptist. Honey bee concludes it is ideal to rehearse in the habits of the Catholics and Anglican until he one day begins lecturing in the first way of the Spiritual Baptist. After that vitalizing message he proceeds till Corporal Price strikes the congregation. Honey bee understands that to support his kin they, he should pause, show restraint till this unfairness is lifted to lecture again in the Spiritual Baptist way. Honey bee is really a man of the individuals. In the episode when Corporal Prince assaults the congregation Bees first considerations were for the individuals. Honey bee discloses to them Brethren, it would be ideal if you dont run. If it's not too much trouble dont give them the reason to brutalize you. He knew how the police would act toward the assemblage and he needed to secure his kin. Honey bee puts the individuals of the town first for he is a man of the individuals. Honey bee is a man of confidence. He places his confidence in the Spirit, and the individuals to remain solid. In proceeding with the event of the strike from Corporal Prince you can see Bees confidence. The confidence Bee has for the Spirit and the individuals when the assemblage is strolled however the town in the wake of being captured and Bee participates in the song began by Sister Isabel which the entire gathering at that point joins. The song goes I never get exhausted at this point, I never get fatigued at this point, Forty long years I work in the field, And I never get tired at this point. Saying they have done this quite a while now and they have still remained solid. Here Bee places his confidence in the individuals and the Spirit together from the joining of the gathering in the melody of the Spirit. Honey bee is a man of confidence, his kin, and of tolerance, with these models you can comprehend why I portray Bee as such. The main unmistakable words you read about Bolo are rising like a lance out of the back line, with the remainder of the assembly, to sing the primary song was Bolo. With another sort of durability about him, a warrior still. I would character Bolo as a w arrior insubordinately. He is a trooper for his kin in this season of abuse. Bolo began as a warrior first and foremost and finished as warrior. At the point when he started as a warrior with stickfighting as the book depicts Bolo was in Bonasse, the victor stickfighter, the ruler, driving the town in fights down the length and expansiveness of the island. Bolo battled in pride for the warrior inside during those seasons of stickfighting. Bolos warrior aura proceeded with when Corporal Price was shipping the gathering (counting Bolos mother) to the police headquarters for overstepping the law of loving in the Spiritual Baptist way. Bolo held fast for the individuals he was their warrior ready to battle in any event, being out numbered. The book alludes to how Bolo headbutted Price till he went down. At same time Prince was going down the 9 other police office bounced Bolo. He kept on battling and battle till his head was part open by a cop. Bolo was a warrior regardless of the chanc es he needed to confront. The last showing of Bolos warrior character was the point at which he remained on the yard with Primuss 2 young ladies that he had taken before. He trusted that the individuals will recover these young ladies. He was not going to release them until the individuals made their remain to him and gave him they are warriors. He was a warrior and ought to be looked as a warrior by warriors. A couple of individuals of the town appeared and the police. The police realized Bolo would not help out them and wound up shooting him. The warrior flourished in Bolo even to an incredible finish. Honey bees way for strengthening is confidence, have confidence and it will show you the way. The book begins Bees way of confidence in the congregation. He peaches his ground-breaking lessons to the assemblage managing them to place confidence in the Spirit. When Spiritual Baptist practice is banned they would at present meet up and place their confidence is the Spirit as a gatheri ng. A genuine case of this is the means by which they had to move their congregation to the out skirts of town to keep on rehearsing this religion. Rather than changing over to one of the acknowledged religions they decide to migrate. Honey bee and the assemblage set their confidence in the Spirit to help them through this season of migration. Honey bee centered his confidence and the confidence of the individuals to the legislature. He felt that if the individuals have confidence in the administration they could work at making changes to the town and what preferable approach to do that over choose a man from your own town, Ivan Morton to the Council. Honey bee put his trust in Ivan and guided the individuals to do likewise. Honey bee said Who we need in the Council is a man that qualify. What we need is a man with training similarly as the individuals in Britain. What's more, we have that man here, ? This is the man! Brought into the world right here, a man of information and compr ehension to speak to the individuals: Ivan Morton! to tell the individuals that Ivan is a man of the town and they should bolster him and put their confidence in Ivan. That started their confidence in the administration by having a man from the town on the Council to help them. Honey bee guided the individuals to place their confidence in Spirit and the administration as his decision to enabling the individuals. Bolo is a warrior on a basic level. He accepts the bearing to control the town to strengthening is to form the individuals into warriors. He endeavored to do this by model, by asking and forcibly. An endeavor at Bolo attempting to show others how its done is the point at which only he faces Corporal Prince and the police. The book reveals to us he is the one in particular who battles against the police and keeping in mind that his is doing this he influences just a single individual in the town, Taffy. He attempts to join the battle Bolo is uncovering alone and is kept down. Taffy says all o you stand up there and watch them beat him. Also, he was battling for all you along the walk home. Bolo was telling individuals the best way to be a warrior and go to bat for their convictions. Bolo keeps on inducing the individuals of the town towards being warriors. Whenever stickfighting returns Bolo gets the chance to battle, and to tell the individuals the best way to battle I accept. Bolo gets in the ring with Innocent an individual stickfighter. They move around each like a move. Bolo continues to make the principal blow and Innocent puts his stick down. Bolo urges him to battle to be a warrior. He state crow jumbie-flying creature crow Jumbie-feathered creature wouldnt crow considering him a defeatist to convince Innocent to battle with no achievement. Bolo at that point carries the call to anybody saying So no one going to come in the ring? So no one aint battling? Still nobody is happy to battle. With the fierceness from no reaction from the individuals h e made one final endeavor that night to stickfight by squashing and annihilating the drums and saying Who dont like it come and beat me. Come and beat me. Bolo encouraged the individuals of the town onto the warriors way without progress. After this is when Bolo concluded he would constrain the town to become warriors. He would compel this on them as people by hassling and inciting the individuals. Bolo squeezed the individuals of the town to defend themselves and be warriors. His last extraordinary exertion was the point at which he remained on the patio with Primuss 2 young ladies that he had quite recently taken in light of the fact that he needed to the book states. He was not giving the town a decision yet driving them to stand up and be a warriors now. Bolo needed the individuals to recover these young ladies and not the police. He was not going to release them until the individuals made their remain to him and gave him they are warriors. The police wound up shooting him. The couple of individuals who indicated were the main ones to confront Bolo as warriors and recoup the young ladies. With Bolo utilizing outrageous power he succeeded with a couple of individuals of the town demonstrating they have warriors in them. The way Bolo chose to enable the individuals however the warrior didn't arrive at the entire of the individuals all things considered it reached a couple. Honey bee and Bolo two unique characters who picked two distinct ways to engage the individuals of Bonasse. Bolo picked a warriors way of strengthening which spoke to his character. Honey bees character indicated his confidence and he utilized his confidence for his way of strengthening. At long last keeping confidence won, the restriction on the religion of the Spiritual Baptist was lifted. What's more, this is the objective Bee was after. There are constantly numerous answers for a difficult you need to choose what is the best for you approach to answer it. It will characterize your char acter and your way of life. Words: 1692 .ue2410d64e018e3243c50ab7f499b27b9 , .ue2410d64e018e3243c50ab7f499b27b9 .postImageUrl , .ue2410d64e018e3243c50ab7f499b27b9 .focused content territory { min-stature: 80px; position: relative; } .ue2410d64e018e3243c50ab7f499b27b9 , .ue2410d64e018e3243c50ab7f499b27b9:hover , .ue2410d64e018e3243c50ab7f499b27b9:visited , .ue2410d64e018e3243c50ab7f499b27b9:active { border:0!important; } .ue2410d64e018e3243c50ab7f499b27b9 .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .ue2410d64e018e3243c50ab7f499b27b9 { show: square; change: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-progress: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; murkiness: 1; progress: mistiness 250ms; webkit-progress: haziness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .ue2410d64e018e3243c50ab7f499b27b9:active , .ue2410d64e018e3243c50ab7f499b27b9:hover { obscurity: 1; change: darkness 250ms; webkit-progress: murkiness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .ue2410d64e018e3243c50ab7f499b27b9

What You Should Know About Loneliness

What You Should Know About Loneliness Psychotherapy Print The Health Consequences of Loneliness Causes and Health Consequences of Feeling Lonely By Kendra Cherry facebook twitter Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author, educational consultant, and speaker focused on helping students learn about psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Kendra Cherry Reviewed by Reviewed by Amy Morin, LCSW on July 01, 2019 facebook twitter instagram Amy Morin, LCSW, is a psychotherapist, author of the bestselling book 13 Things Mentally Strong People Dont Do, and a highly sought-after speaker. Learn about our Wellness Board Amy Morin, LCSW Updated on December 09, 2019 More in Psychotherapy Online Therapy Loneliness is a universal human emotion that is both complex and unique to each individual. Because it has no single common cause, the prevention and treatment of this potentially damaging state of mind can vary dramatically. For example, a lonely child who struggles to make friends at his school has different needs than a lonely old man whose wife has recently died. In order to understand loneliness, its important to take a closer look at exactly what we mean by the term lonely, as well as the various causes, health consequences, symptoms, and potential treatments for loneliness. Illustration by Brianna Gilmartin, Verywell Definition of Loneliness While common definitions of loneliness describe it as a state of solitude or being alone, loneliness is actually a state of mind. Loneliness is defined by researchers as defined as feeling lonely more than once a week. ?? Loneliness causes people to feel empty, alone, and unwanted. People who are lonely often crave human contact, but their state of mind makes it more difficult to form connections with other people. Loneliness, according to many experts, is not necessarily about being alone. Instead, if you feel alone and isolated, then that is how loneliness plays into your state of mind. For example, a college freshman might feel lonely despite being surrounded by roommates and other peers. A soldier beginning his military career might feel lonely after being deployed to a foreign country, despite being constantly surrounded by other troop members. Causes of Loneliness Contributing factors to lonliness include situational variables, such as physical isolation, moving to a new location, and divorce??. The death of someone significant in a persons life can also lead to feelings of loneliness. Additionally, it can be a symptom of a psychological disorder such as depression.?? Loneliness can also be attributed to internal factors such as low self-esteem. People who lack confidence in themselves often believe that they are unworthy of the attention or regard of other people. This can lead to isolation and chronic loneliness. Health Risks Associated With Loneliness Loneliness has a wide range of negative effects on both physical and mental health??, including: Depression and suicideCardiovascular disease and strokeIncreased stress levelsDecreased memory and learningAntisocial behaviorPoor decision-makingAlcoholism and drug abuseThe progression of Alzheimers diseaseAltered brain function These are not the only areas in which loneliness takes its toll. Lonely adults get less exercise than those who are not lonely. ??Their diet is higher in fat, their sleep is less efficient, and they report more daytime fatigue. Loneliness also disrupts the regulation of cellular processes deep within the body, predisposing us to premature aging. What Research Suggests About Loneliness Researchers have found that low levels of loneliness are associated with marriage, higher incomes, and higher educational status. High levels of loneliness are associated with physical health symptoms, living alone, small social networks, and low-quality social relationships.?? Having Close Friends Can Help Combat Loneliness Researchers also suggest that loneliness is becoming more common in the United States. Since 1985, the number of people in the U.S. with no close friends has tripled.?? The rise of the internet and ironically, social media, are  partially to blame . Experts believe that it is not the quantity of social interaction that combats loneliness, but its the quality. Having just three or four close friends is enough to ward off loneliness and reduce the negative health consequences associated with this state of mind. Loneliness Can Be Contagious One study suggests that loneliness may actually be contagious. In a ten-year study, researchers examined how loneliness spreads in social networks. The results indicated that people close to someone experiencing loneliness were 52% more likely to become lonely as well.?? Tips to Prevent and Overcome Loneliness Loneliness can be overcome. It does require a conscious effort on your part to make a change. Making a change, in the long run, can make you happier, healthier, and enable you to impact others around you in a positive way. Here are some ways to prevent loneliness: Recognize that loneliness is a sign that something needs to change.Understand the effects that loneliness has on your life, both physically and mentally.Consider doing community service or another activity that you enjoy. These situations present great opportunities to meet people and cultivate new friendships and social interactions.Focus on developing quality relationships with people who share similar attitudes, interests, and values with you.Expect the best. Lonely people often expect rejection, so instead focus on positive thoughts and attitudes in your social relationships.

What Is the Definition of Compound Subject in Grammar

A compound subject is a  subject  made up of two or more simple subjects that are joined by a coordinating conjunction (such as and or or) and that have the same predicate. The parts of a compound subject may also be joined by correlative conjunctions, such as both . . . and and not only . . . but also. Although both parts of a compound subject share the same verb, that verb is not always plural. Examples and Observations Dave and Angie own a new Honda Accord, but they prefer to drive their old vanWilbur and Orville Wright ran a printing business from their childhood home, and as young men, they operated a bicycle shop.My uncle  and my cousin are  both lawyers, as my father was. Agreement With Compound Subjects Normally a subject made up of more than one element takes a plural verb (The President and Congress are at loggerheads), although occasionally, when the elements add up to the same idea, the verb is singular (The wear and tear on the car was tremendous). But focus an eye on these compound subjects followed by singular verbs, all of which are correct: Everything in the cupboard and everything on the table  was  smashed.Everybody favoring the plan and everybody leaning toward it  were  interviewed.Nobody in my house and nobody on my street  has  been robbed.Anyone who has read the book and anybody who has even heard of its ideas  agrees  with the author. Compound Subjects Joined by Or or Nor Unlike subjects joined by and, the very role of or and nor is to separate, to tell us that its not both things, but one thing or the other that the verb applies to.  So the rule is: Subjects joined by or or nor are not considered as a group, and the verbs person and number should agree with those of the subjects individual parts.There are three possible scenarios here. If both parts are singular, as in the subject Mary or Donna, then the verb is singular. If theyre both plural, as in the subject Neither the girls nor the boys, the verb is plural. In really tricky sentences where you have one of each, such as Either Tony or his daughters, the verb should agree with whatever part of the subject its closest to in the sentence; for example, either Tony or his daughters are or either the daughters or their father is.   Sources David R. Slavitt, Conflations.  Short Stories Are Not Real Life. LSU Press, 1991 Ann Batko,  When Bad Grammar Happens to Good People. Career Press, 2004

The Transition From Drilling On Shore - 1915 Words

Overview This project is dealing with the transition from drilling on-shore to more difficult tasks that companies are taking upon them with drilling off-shore into shallow and deep water. Since drilling for easy oil has depleted, companies are pursuing sources for the heavy oil by moving to offshore drilling. The project was originally approved in 2014, but since the approval of the project oil prices have plunged more than 50% percent in 2015. XYZ’s Houston refinery is located on the Texas Gulf Coast and has a capacity of 200,000 bpd. It is capable of processing mix of light and heavy crudes. The company for years has been considering an expansion project for the Houston based refinery, which can provide the company with an advantage due to the favorable heavy crude prices and light oil from the Middle East. The expansion would be beneficial because bringing the heavy oil from Mexico and Venezuela have both low shipping cost and lesser travel distance to the refinery. The expansion project would also benefit from the Trans-Canadian pipeline when it’s completed which would bring heavy oil from the Oil Sands in Canada. Objective The Houston Refinery’s current configuration refines light crudes with some capacity to refine heavy crude oil. With the proposed expansion the objective is to increase the capacity for the heavier crude oil at the refinery, the heavy crude oil would be brought in by tankers from Mexico and off-loaded at the refinery docks and piped into theShow MoreRelatedOff Shore Drilling Outline1820 Words   |  8 PagesIntroduction Attention Getter: We all need our cars to get us from point a to point b but with the price of gas being so high, many people ride the bus or train to save themselves from shelling out money at the pump. Spending money is an emotional process for most working class citizens, especially if it’s something that we need daily but alas we don’t have a choice. 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Some of the most common toxins and pollutants are in a destructive group called organochlorinesRead MoreConoco Phillips Strategic Management4842 Words   |  20 Pageshow the split of ConocoPhillips in the year 2012 has improved the company. Furthermore, how there new focus on the Upstream Operations (exploration and production) of the company is helping them establish a good market barrier to separate themselves from their competition. The research draws attention to ConocoPhillips exploration of sales on the onshore basins  of North America and other countries, their interest in new ways to develop clean energy, and their investment in new technology to extract

Ib 150 Exam 1 Free Essays

1. Understand what is the same about all life, and what makes life diverse A. List the five characteristics all organisms on Earth share * The five characteristics all organisms share is: information, replication, evolution, cells, and energy (cerie) B. We will write a custom essay sample on Ib 150 Exam 1 or any similar topic only for you Order Now Explain why the first four are required for life * Cells allow things to go in and out of the organism (allows diffusion to happen so good things go in and bad things go out) * Energy is required because it allows most functions and reactions to happen in the organism * Information: so your cells know what to do next( aka the things happening in your brain need information to learn) * Replication: everything an organism does revolves around trying to replicate itself(meiosis) C. Differentiate heterotrophs and autotrophs 1. Heterotrophs: need to obtain energy from an outside source 2. Autotrophs: create energy and food for themselves Some reactions are exothermic because their PEreactants is Higher than PEproducts 2. Understand that energy to sustain life is derived from chemical potential energyy * LOCS D. Relate the distance of electrons from their protons to the concept of chemical potential energy * The further electrons are from their protons, the more PE they have (PE is stored energy, so the distance is increased and is further meaning it’ll have more want to go closer to the oppositely attacted nucleus) E. Define exergonic and endergonic chemical reactions * Exergonic reactions: happen spontaneously (don’t need any source of energy to happen) Endergonic need energy from the outside to create the reaction heat has been released to the environment ReactantsPE greter than PEproducts(PE dropped so Exergoinic) The hydrolysis of ATP provides the energy needed for an endergonic reaction. Acquire Energy=Endergonic Rxn†¦Pi is transferred to a phosphate group F. Classify the hydrolosis of ATP as either endergonic or exergonic * Hydrolysis of ATP is exergonic (energy is released) the ATP outermost phosphate groups is broken†¦energy is created G. Classify the the phosphorylation of a substrate by ATP as either endergonic or exergonic.. phosphorlyation is exergonic because the electrons in ADP and the Pi have so much less PE than they did in the ATP.. phospholyation is the addition of a phosphate group to s substeate†¦it adds negative charge to a protein the electrons in the protein change configuration (the molecules overall shape) H. Use the First Law of Thermodynamics to explain how chemical reactions transfer energy from one molecule to another†¦first law states that energy is neither created nor destroy†¦it just means that PE will change from KE and KE will turn into thermal, sound, or light energy, the energies are just changing * HOCS A. Predict whether reactions are exergonic or endergonic given information on the potential energy of reactants and products PE of reactants higher: PE drops: Exergonic†¦PE of products higher, then PE increases, and its endergonic B. Use the concepts of exergonic and endergonic reactions to explain how ATP does work in the cell via phosphorylation. 1. The addition of aphosphate group to a substrate: exergonic: electrons in ADP and phosphate group has much less PE than in ATP (meaning the ADP Pi are the products.. products will have less PE than the reactants.. PE drops).. When phosphorylated, the Energy is a product†¦The phosphorylated by ATP means that the exergonic because there was a drop in PE, DeltaG (or free energy thing) is negative 1. Understand the importance of cellular respiration to (almost all) life on Earth * LOCS A. List (separately) the inputs and outputs of cellular respiration. Inputs of Cell Respiration: Outputs of CR: B. Recall that nearly all life on Earth conducts cellular respiration C. Differentiate and relate the roles of glucose and ATP in cellular respiration D. Describe the role of cellular respiration in the transfer of energy from glucose to work done in the cell E. Differentiate aerobic and anaerobic cellular respiration Anaerobic doesn’t require O2, Aerobic requires O2 * HOCS A. Justify why some organisms would use aerobic cellular respiration and others would use anaerobic cellular respiration Some organisms find it diffult to acquire O2: at the bottom of the ocean, etc B. Justify why most life on Earth uses aerobic cellular respiration, instead of anaerobic cellular respiration Most life is near oxygen, they can acquire it mostly a lot of the time 1. Understand the importance of photosynthesis to (almost all) life on Earth * LOCS A. *** changed 8/28 *** List (separately) the inputs and outputs of the light-capturing reactions of photosynthesis Inputs of LCR: Outputs of LCR: B. *** changed 8/28 *** List (separately) the inputs and outputs of the Calvin Cycle of photosynthesis Inputs Calvin Cycle: Outputs CC: C. Relate the inputs and outputs of photosynthesis to those of cellular respiration The inputs of photosyn are the outputs of CR D. Define, identify on a diagram, and relate chloroplasts, thylakoids, and stroma Thylakoids are fluid filled sacs where the photosynthesis occurs in cells Stroma: is the surrounding membrane of the chloroplasts Chloroplasts are found in plants in which they absorb the light rays E. *** changed 8/28 *** Associate the light-capturing reactions and Calvin Cycle of photosynthesis with these structures F. Compare, contrast, and relate the functions of chlorophyll and carotenoids G. Use the concept of chemical potential energy to summarize why chlorophyll absorbs the wavelengths of light it does. Chem PE. H. Define carbon fixation I. Generalize the influence of photosynthesis on oxygen levels in Earth’s atmosphere.. Increased O2 levels J. Generalize the influence of carbon fixation on carbon dioxide levels in Earth’s atmosphere K. Paraphrase the three potential fates of the excited electron produced when a photon meets a chlorophyll molecule L. Relate the functions of the antenna complex and the reaction center in a chloroplast * HOCS A. *** changed 8/28 *** For each input of photosynthesis, predict the effect on both the light-capturing reactions and Calvin Cycle if that one input is limited. B. Illustrate the flow of energy from solar energy, to glucose, to ATP, to work done in the cell. . Understand the importance of diffusion to cellular metabolism and the how it constraints the evolution of cell/body size and shape * LOCS A. Define diffusion B. Predict (in a general sense) the net direction in which dissolved molecules will move given information about their concentration C. Define each of the terms of Fick’s Law of Diffusion D. Calculate the surface area to volume ratio for simple shapes, when pres ented with equations to calculate surface area and volume E. Assess the surface area to volume ratios of different shapes relative to one another, given information about their volume or mass F. Predict (in a general sense) changes in the rate of diffusion given changes in the various parameters of Fick’s Law of Diffusion G. When provided with equations for the surface area and volume of a shape, use them to explain why the SA:V of a small shape is greater than that of the same shape at a larger size. * HOCS A. Justify why the net movement of a group of molecules along a concentration gradient due to diffusion can be caused by the random movement of individual molecules B. *** added 9/2 *** Use the concepts of surface area and volume to relate 1) the ability to acquire reactants for cellular respiration and 2) the amount of those reactants required to a single celled organism’s size Photosynthesis: 6CO2 + 6H2O – C6H12O6 + 6O2 (O2 is a by product) along with sugar How to cite Ib 150 Exam 1, Papers

Private property an Example of the Topic Government and Law Essays by

Private property by Expert Tutor Maya | 22 Dec 2016 Private property is generally defined (De Soto, 1989) as commonly recognized possessions, which belong to an inpidual. The concept of private property is close-knit to the right to ownership, described in numerous philosophical perspectives and declared nowadays in the most worlds constitutions. As one knows from the history, the implications of ownership appeared a long age, in prehistoric societies, where social stratification was at its sunrise, and with the development of Roman law, it was included into the first statute book (De Soto, 1989) . The present paper is intended to discuss philosophical approaches to private property and focus on Lockes perspective, clearly relating to the idea of business. Need essay sample on "Private property" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed Aristotle was among the first philosophers who advocated private property in his writings, namely in Politics. The ancient thinker reveals the truth about acquisitive human nature; that which is common to the greatest number has the least care bestowed upon it. Every one thinks chiefly of his own, hardly at all of the common interest; and only when he is himself concerned as an inpidual (Bellamy and Ross, 1996, p. 139). In addition, the scholar states that common property is inconvenient, as although inpiduals have approximately the same needs, some of them tend to work less that others, still consuming communal resources of the basis of equality (ibid). Private property is therefore viewed as a means of social justice and workload-sensitive distribution of material resources. Hobbes, the Enlightenment philosopher, sought to present private property of governments responsibility. First of all, he insists on giving to every man his own (Bellamy and Ross, 1996, p. 148), but the extent of ownership is vague therefore and therefore vulnerable to violent usurpation - in his sense, the scholar recommends that the government or executive power determine, declare and control the observance of property rights. Hobbes in his writings describes law-abiding approach, so that power is only political force, entitled to use compulsion and rigid control over social relations, so that the scholar truly believed in the importance of regulating property rights from above, or in hierarchical order (De Soto, 2006). James Harrington, who wrote his Oceana approximately simultaneously with Hobbes creative activity, states that property right is natural, but applicable in limited number of contexts: for instance, political power in its pure structure appeared as a result of property distribution, not conversely, as Hobbes claims (De Soto, 2006). Due to the fact that political order is secondary and that its development was close-knit to the emergence of the conception of ownership, it is important to remember that the noble crown might abuse or usurp property and hold the great part of national possessions (Bellamy and Ross, 1996; De Soto and Cheneval, 2006). D.Hume, another outstanding philosopher, hold conservative views on property and states that customs and traditions in fact determined the development of political and legal apparatuses, including those norms and conventions, which put certain orders or restraints upon private property. A regard for liberty, though a laudable passion, ought commonly to be subordinate to a reverence for established government, which means, government is responsible for the distribution of private property, moreover: There are property rights because of and to the extent that the existing law, supported by social customs, secure them (De Soto and Cheneval, 2006, p. 352). In addition, the philosopher recommends the spur of industry (ibid, p. 355), which engenders property. Hegel, in his Philosophy of Right takes rather inpidual than macrosocial approach to property and describes it in relation to the persons needs and willing. The scholar pides human needs into biological and social and states that the satisfaction of these needs is the main constituent of human willing (Ellickson, 1993). The things of the objective world become property only in relation to ones will, they are not property by themselves. On the other hand, only through the mastery and transformation of the world can the will be actualized and personality made concrete (Ellickson, 1993, p. 1317). Property is viewed as a tool of achieving appropriateness in the social context within which the inpidual operates for instance, the members of top class need much more property that necessary for meeting their physical needs, as in this case social stimulus becomes stronger that instinctive. This means, private property is not merely material possessions, but rather a mode, which determines social relations as well as the development of human cognition (Ellickson, 1993; De Soto and Cheneval, 2006) . Lockes (Locke, 2003) account defends private property and combines theological and philosophical standpoints. First of all, the thinker refers to property as to a right, provided by God, namely, the right to make use of natural facilities and resources. Nevertheless, the Deity gave the Earth to the entire humanity in common, rather than distributing the resources among inpiduals, so Locke seeks to answer the question concerning the measurement of the amount of possessions each person deserves/is entitled to use. According to his theory, inpiduals own themselves and their own labor, but as soon as the labor enters into the object (Locke, 2003, p. 372), the inpidual receives this object as their private property. For instance, a peasant who grows potatoes, puts his labor into this activity and therefore its material results (the crops) become his property (Bellamy and Ross, 1996). This is Lockes principle of labor-mixing: if ones labor is mixed with unowned object, this inpidual is entitled to use it as their property (Locke, 2003; De Soto and Cheneval, 2006) . In addition, the scholar persifies property rights: for instance, he alleges that everyone is entitled to use their belongings in accordance with their will, i.e. allow another inpidual to use them, exclude others from their use or announce another persons right for this object. Those are the components of his idea of liberty in terms of private property. The other constituents include: 1.Each person has the natural right to do whatever she chooses with whatever she legitimately owns so long as she does not harm other people (in ways that violate their rights). Each person also has the corresponding natural right not be harmed by anyone else (in any way that violates her rights. 2. Each person is a full owner of herself (Bellamy and Ross, 1996, p. 297). On the other hand, the scholar convinces that an inpidual is not entitled to sell themselves into slavery, this means, the only restriction, placed upon self-ownership right is the impossibility of ones voluntary renounce (Locke, 2003) of this particular right (integral right). Furthermore, the third point (condition) of Lockes concept of liberty in possession is the right to have the same benefit from their labor as others receive from the efforts of the same nature (Locke, 2003; Bellamy and Ross, 1996): for instance, a programmer should earn the same amount as paid to other programmers with identical job responsibilities. Furthermore, the scholar states that inpiduals should respect the others property rights and avoid using another persons possessions without the latters compliance. Furthermore, the philosopher states that making use of material objects (first and foremost, land, as the scholar presents real property as a basic pattern) doesnt imply destroying them; on the contrary, each inpidual should care about the applicability or usability of such objects or avoid wasting the resources (Locke, 2003; McKay, 2004). Logically, resources should belong to those who can use them in productive way: Locke holds that at least when third condition obtaines and the No Waste rule is observed by private appropriators, then one has a right to appropriate unowned land as ones private property and this appropriation establishes genuine full property rights held by the appropriator over that particular parcel of land (McKay, 2004, p. 517). Locke also mentions his explanation of scarcity of natural resources: e.g. he holds that inequality in real possessions point to social consent concerning the use of money, intended to compensate for the lack of land for certain inpiduals. This statement can be proved through the following fact: in the period of natural households, inpiduals hadnt yet invented money and therefore manifested their property rights in accordance with Lockes approach: they appropriated unowned land and employed natural exchange to get the products, grown on the others lands. To sum up, interpreting Lockes doctrine in the context of contemporary business, one can understand that the scholar provides the basic principles of business ethics, related to private property: first of all, the corresponding right of an entrepreneur is inviolable, secondly, employees should receive sufficient salaries (according to the standards in this area), thirdly, social responsibility should be among the major concerns of contemporary businesses, as this concept includes environment preservation and observation of No Waste norm, i.e. resources, which constitute property, should be utilized rationally and cautiously. It is clear that business or company is the entrepreneurs property, whereas employees labor is possessed exclusively by the latter, so that they should receive certain compensation (unless the worker is a volunteer) for providing their property to the businessman. Finally, market competition among enterprises should not include the abuse of other entrepreneurs ownership-based rights (e.g.stealth, including plagiarism or information theft). Reference list Bellamy, R. and Ross, A. (1996). A Textual Introduction to Social and Political Theory. Manchester. De Soto, H. (1989). The Other Path. Harper and Row. De Soto, H. and Cheneval, F. (2006). Realizing Property Rights. Ruffer and Rub. Ellickson, R. (1993). Property in Land. Yale Law Journal, 102: 1315-1400. Locke, J. (2003). Two Treatises of Government, ed. P.Laslett. Cambridge University Press. McKay, J. (2004). A History of world Societies. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company.